{"id":21759,"date":"2026-10-29T12:29:29","date_gmt":"2026-10-29T04:29:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/92it.top\/?p=21759"},"modified":"2026-10-29T12:29:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T04:29:29","slug":"%e6%af%8f%e5%a4%a9%e5%90%83%e9%80%8f%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa-ai-%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e7%82%b9-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e9%87%8f%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/92it.top\/?p=21759","title":{"rendered":"\u6bcf\u5929\u5403\u900f\u4e00\u4e2a AI \u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9 \u2014 \u6a21\u578b\u91cf\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff1a\u5c0f\u7ea2\u4e66 AI\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d75\u54e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u524d\u8a00\ud83d\udd16<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u804a\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u4f46\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65b0\u95fb\u91cc\u8bf4 GPT-5 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has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u54b1\u5148\u6765\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e48\u80d6\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u7531\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u4e07\u4ebf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u50cf\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f1a\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u683c\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5c31\u662f <strong>32 \u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff08FP32\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1012\" height=\"836\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-37.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21761\" style=\"width:394px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-37.png 1012w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-37-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-37-768x634.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-37-830x686.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-37-230x190.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-37-350x289.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-37-480x397.png 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1012px) 100vw, 1012px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>FP32 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has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u6734\u7d20\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u8861\uff08Trade-off\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6253\u4e2a\u6bd4\u65b9\u5c31\u61c2\u4e86\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u662f\u4e2a NB \u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\uff0c\u624b\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u628a\u523b\u5ea6\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u5fae\u7c73\u7684\u745e\u58eb\u7cbe\u94a2\u5c3a\u3002\u7528\u5b83\u6d4b\u91cf\u5927\u697c\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa 125.678912 \u7c73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd9\u628a\u5c3a\u5b50\u592a\u91cd\uff0c\u80cc\u7740\u5b83\u8dd1\u4e0a\u8dd1\u4e0b\u5f88\u7d2f\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u6162\uff09\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u592a\u91d1\u8d35\uff0c\u4fdd\u517b\u548c\u643a\u5e26\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u9ad8\uff08\u786c\u4ef6\u8d35\uff09\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f60\u628a 125.678912 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src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-39-1024x697.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21763\" style=\"width:370px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-39-1024x697.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-39-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-39-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-39-830x565.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-39-230x156.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-39-350x238.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-39-480x327.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-39.png 1114w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5851\u6599\u5c3a\u548c\u5377\u5c3a\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u90a3\u628a\u745e\u58eb\u94a2\u5c3a\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9 \u201c\u6d4b\u91cf\u5927\u697c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u597d\u5904\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff1a\u8f7b\u4fbf\u3001\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7ed3\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u91cf\u5316\u505a\u7684\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\uff1a\u628a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7528\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6 FP32 \u8868\u793a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u7cbe\u786e\u4f46\u8db3\u591f\u7528\u7684\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u6bd4\u5982 INT8\uff09\u6765\u8fd1\u4f3c\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6362\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff1a<strong>\u727a\u7272\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u51e0\u4e4e\u7528\u4e0d\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff0c\u6362\u6765\u4f53\u79ef\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u529f\u8017\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u6536\u76ca\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u4ece FP32 \u5230 INT8 \ud83d\udd16<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u54b1\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\u770b\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u5177\u4f53\u600e\u4e48\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>FP32<\/strong>\uff1a\u6807\u51c6\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5360 32 bit\uff0c\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u8303\u56f4\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6807\u51c6\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FP16<\/strong>\uff1a\u534a\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u5360 16 bit\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u662f FP32 \u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u591f\u7528\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>INT8<\/strong>\uff1a8 \u4f4d\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5360 8 bit\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u662f FP32 \u7684\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u793a \\(2^8 = 256\\) \u4e2a\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u7684 [-128, 127] \u6216\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7684 [0, 255]\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c<strong>\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5c0f\u6570\u90e8\u5206<\/strong>\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u66f4\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u8fd8\u6709 INT4\uff084 bit\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u793a 16 \u4e2a\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 1 bit\uff08\u4e8c\u503c\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u793a -1 \u548c 1\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece FP32 \u5230 INT8\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4f53\u79ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7f29\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684 1\/4\u300228 GB \u7684\u6a21\u578b\u77ac\u95f4\u53d8\u6210 7 GB\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5c0f\u6570\u53d8\u6210\u6574\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1aFP32 \u5e26\u5c0f\u6570\uff0cINT8 \u662f\u7eaf\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u628a\u5c0f\u6570\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8f6c\u6210\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b54\u6848\u662f<strong>\u7ebf\u6027\u6620\u5c04\uff08Linear Mapping\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u5806 FP32 \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u5728 [-1.5, 2.0]\uff0c\u60f3\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5168\u90e8\u585e\u8fdb INT8 \u7684 [-128, 127]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"686\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-41-1024x686.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21765\" style=\"width:440px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-41-1024x686.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-41-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-41-768x514.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-41-830x556.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-41-230x154.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-41-350x234.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-41-480x321.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-41.png 1090w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7f29\u653e\u56e0\u5b50\uff08Scale, S\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u51b3\u5b9a FP32 \u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u6b65\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 INT8 \u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u591a\u5927\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a &#8220;\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c3a&#8221;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">S = (max_fp32 - min_fp32) \/ (max_int8 - min_int8)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c<code>S = (2.0 - (-1.5)) \/ (127 - (-128)) = 3.5 \/ 255 \u2248 0.0137<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u96f6\u70b9\uff08Zero-Point, Z\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1 FP32 \u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684 0 \u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u6620\u5c04\u5230 INT8 \u4e16\u754c\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">Z = round(max_int8 - max_fp32 \/ S)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5b50\u91cc\u8ba1\u7b97\u7a0d\u5fae\u590d\u6742\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u8ba9 0 \u5bf9\u9f50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u91cf\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">INT8_value = round(FP32_value \/ S + Z)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u91cf\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u505a\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u628a INT8 \u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u56de FP32\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb<strong>\u53cd\u91cf\u5316\uff08Dequantization\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">FP32_value = (INT8_value - Z) * S\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\uff08\u6216\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4\uff09\u53c2\u6570\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u7684 S \u548c Z\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u90a3\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u516c\u5f0f\u5b8c\u6210\u4ece FP32 \u5230 INT8 \u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5b58\u7684\u662f INT8 \u6574\u6570\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 S\u3001Z \u503c\uff0c\u4f53\u79ef\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u786c\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u6574\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a0\u901f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001PTQ vs QAT\ud83d\udd16<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u505a\u3002\u6839\u636e\u91cf\u5316\u4ecb\u5165\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e24\u5927\u6d41\u6d3e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd391. \u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u91cf\u5316\uff08PTQ\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5148\u7528 FP32 \u5b8c\u5b8c\u6574\u6574\u8bad\u7ec3\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5f53\u6210\u6210\u54c1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u54c1\u505a\u91cf\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 \u6253\u4e2a\u6bd4\u65b9\uff1a\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u7528\u6700\u9ad8\u89c4\u683c\u7684\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u62cd\u597d\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u5728\u624b\u673a\u4e0a\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u9891\u538b\u7f29\u8f6f\u4ef6\u628a\u5b83\u538b\u6210\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684 MP4 \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b80\u5355\u5feb\u6377\uff1a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u5230\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\u5c31\u80fd\u641e\u5b9a\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\u5c11\uff1a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u6821\u51c6\u6570\u636e\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97 S \u548c Z\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cbe\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u5927\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u6b64\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5148\u65a9\u540e\u594f\u5f0f\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u654f\u611f\u53c2\u6570\u9020\u6210\u8f83\u5927\u8bef\u5dee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd392. \u91cf\u5316\u611f\u77e5\u8bad\u7ec3\uff08QAT\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c31\u6a21\u62df\u91cf\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 \u6253\u4e2a\u6bd4\u65b9\uff1a\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bfc\u6f14\uff0c\u62cd\u7535\u5f71\u65f6\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u5728\u624b\u673a\u5c0f\u5c4f\u4e0a\u64ad\u653e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6784\u56fe\u6253\u5149\u65f6\u523b\u610f\u907f\u5f00\u5728\u5c0f\u5c4f\u4e0a\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u4f60\u5728\u4e3a\u538b\u7f29\u800c\u521b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\uff08\u524d\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u5047\u88c5\u628a FP32 \u53c2\u6570\u91cf\u5316\u6210 INT8\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u518d\u7528 FP32 \u7684\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u505a\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53eb<strong>\u4f2a\u91cf\u5316\uff08Fake Quantization\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cbe\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u5c31\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u4f4e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u53c2\u6570\u8ba9\u91cf\u5316\u8bef\u5dee\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3002QAT \u540e\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u539f\u59cb FP32 \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u91cf\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u5316\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-42-1024x681.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21767\" style=\"width:454px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-42-1024x681.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-42-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-42-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-42-1536x1021.png 1536w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-42-830x552.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-42-230x153.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-42-350x233.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-42-480x319.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u56fe\u7247-42.png 1910w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u8017\u65f6\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u8bad\u7ec3\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bad\u7ec3\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u4e5f\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u82b1\u8d39\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdc\u8d85 PTQ\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u600e\u4e48\u9009\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u8ffd\u6c42\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u7ebf\u3001\u5bf9\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\uff0c\u9009 PTQ\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8ffd\u6c42\u6781\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u6781\u9ad8\u3001\u4e0d\u8ba1\u8f83\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u9009 QAT\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u5148\u7528 PTQ \u5feb\u901f\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u518d\u4e0a QAT\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\ud83d\udd16<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f53\u79ef\u53d8\u5c0f\u53ea\u662f\u5f00\u80c3\u83dc\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5a01\u529b\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece FP32 \u5230 INT8 \u53d8\u6210 1\/4\uff0c\u4ece FP32 \u5230 INT4 \u53d8\u6210 1\/8\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u5728\u624b\u673a\u7b49\u5b58\u50a8\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e0a\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u8bfb\u53c2\u6570\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u5c0f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u6b21\u642c\u8fd0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e5f\u53d8\u5c0f\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u8f7b\u5185\u5b58\u5e26\u5bbd\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6574\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\u6bd4\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\u5feb\u3002\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff08CPU\u3001GPU\u3001\u4e13\u95e8\u7684 AI \u82af\u7247 NPU\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6574\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\u90fd\u8fdc\u5feb\u4e8e\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u786c\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7535\u8def\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u6574\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SIMD \u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5904\u7406\u5668\u652f\u6301\u5355\u6307\u4ee4\u591a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff08SIMD\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a 128 \u4f4d\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u88c5\u8f7d 4 \u4e2a 32 \u4f4d\u7684 FP32 \u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6216\u8005 16 \u4e2a 8 \u4f4d\u7684 INT8 \u6570\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210 16 \u6b21 INT8 \u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5374\u53ea\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210 4 \u6b21 FP32 \u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5e26\u6765 4 \u500d\u541e\u5410\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u529f\u8017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u642c\u8fd0\u80fd\u8017\u4e0a\uff0c\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u628a\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u642c\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143\u7684\u80fd\u8017\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u8ba1\u7b97\u672c\u8eab\u8fd8\u9ad8\u3002\u91cf\u5316\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u642c\u8fd0\u91cf\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u964d\u4f4e\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u8017\u4e0a\uff0c\u6574\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\u5355\u5143\u7684\u7535\u8def\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u80fd\u8017\u4e5f\u4f4e\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e09\u70b9\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u91cf\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u5728\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u6781\u5927\u5ef6\u957f\u8bbe\u5907\u7535\u6c60\u7eed\u822a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u516d\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\ud83d\udd16<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u8fd9\u4e48\u7f8e\u597d\uff0c\u7f3a\u70b9\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u3002\u6700\u5927\u6311\u6218\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u7cbe\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39\u79bb\u7fa4\u503c\uff08Outliers\uff09\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u901a\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u503c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728 0 \u9644\u8fd1\u3002\u4f46\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u79bb\u7fa4\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f29\u653e\u56e0\u5b50\u65f6\u7528 <code>S = (max - min) \/ 255<\/code>\u3002\u5982\u679c max \u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u79bb\u7fa4\u70b9\u53d8\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u5927\uff0cS \u4e5f\u4f1a\u8ddf\u7740\u53d8\u5927\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728 0 \u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u503c\u5728\u91cf\u5316\u540e\u90fd\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e22\u5931\u5927\u91cf\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u4e3a\u79bb\u7fa4\u503c\u5355\u72ec\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8ba1\u7b97 S \u65f6\u91c7\u7528 99.9% \u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u727a\u7272\u5bf9\u6781\u7aef\u503c\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u6765\u4fdd\u5168\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u503c\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39\u9010\u5c42\u91cf\u5316 vs \u9010\u901a\u9053\u91cf\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u662f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u7ec4 S \u548c Z\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u5c42\u4e4b\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u901a\u9053\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u53ef\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u628a\u5c3a\u5b50\u91cf\uff0c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u901a\u9053\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c31\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<strong>\u9010\u901a\u9053\u91cf\u5316\uff08Per-Channel Quantization\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u901a\u9053\u5355\u72ec\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u5957 S \u548c Z\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u7cbe\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5b58\u50a8 S\u3001Z \u7684\u5f00\u9500\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u5bf9\u6570\u503c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u76ee\u6807\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5fae\u5c0f\u8bef\u5dee\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6846\u5de8\u5927\u504f\u79fb\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5c42\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 Attention \u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u7684 Softmax \u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u5f88\u654f\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<strong>\u6df7\u5408\u7cbe\u5ea6\u91cf\u5316\uff08Mixed Precision\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0d\u4e00\u5200\u5207\u5730\u5168\u90e8\u91cf\u5316\u6210 INT8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5c42\u7528 INT8\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u5173\u952e\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5c42\u4fdd\u7559 FP16 \u751a\u81f3 FP32\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u827a\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e03\u3001\u8eab\u8fb9\u54ea\u91cc\u6709\u91cf\u5316\uff1f\ud83d\udd16<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd39\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u91cf\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4eba\u8138\u89e3\u9501<\/strong>\u9700\u8981\u5728 1 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