{"id":18323,"date":"2025-07-05T17:23:20","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T09:23:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/92it.top\/?p=18323"},"modified":"2025-07-05T17:23:20","modified_gmt":"2025-07-05T09:23:20","slug":"mysql%e7%b4%a2%e5%bc%95%e5%ae%8c%e5%85%a8%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%ef%bc%9a%e8%ae%a9%e4%bd%a0%e7%9a%84%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e9%80%9f%e5%ba%a6%e9%a3%9e%e8%b5%b7%e6%9d%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/92it.top\/?p=18323","title":{"rendered":"MySQL\u7d22\u5f15\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u98de\u8d77\u6765"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzUyMzkwNjIzNg==&amp;mid=2247483883&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=69520d46d67356acab58f8c95635bc0c&amp;chksm=fbea9e8e2ddc9d01133dec56dc1e6cd251900091045cb6ebf732f8485de780c766e815c767f4&amp;mpshare=1&amp;scene=1&amp;srcid=0705BkOOJTrGRJNnKZPrULsp&amp;sharer_shareinfo=69a3b872a5d3af1a660117522b66aa8f&amp;sharer_shareinfo_first=1775419441b1a99aa1eddcb374cca24b&amp;exportkey=n_ChQIAhIQlBakyJ06YtbiSUVmzxedzBL0AQIE97dBBAEAAAAAAPboElx2XoEAAAAOpnltbLcz9gKNyK89dVj08Es%2FRG3wCcVRI0MWApkmuV02sS7xNFnM89ne966HNMle3iXxRR0pPmZ05izTHdLwXIyr0neOErmY9gIWGIC3fEgWbGQ7fQV7lx7wWRBQ6rSYWqiPHKH4yIfWd2Gw65at%2FNNEY1Sa9azwFL%2Bd6W1R3c3GEFBpIeQfebR56AFZvjtS%2B7XZ6PMeIGUMErlDGZ77hTQJs0jzRLR4YHUduYIa7VI%2FAJetJkaHx5SQ5EtdOeGi50BvXNh%2BGQaR2Bu%2FRdApwbbAFgT2j6ojp%2BnsYbE%3D&amp;acctmode=0&amp;pass_ticket=ufpOFQ%2FWW6jx9XIXMfaa8ZsjSsAJMDU1gVGfmbrQn7LoQWtCNYWFUH2aZczPhSjG&amp;wx_header=0#rd\">MySQL\u7d22\u5f15\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u98de\u8d77\u6765<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd8\u5728\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u6162\u800c\u5934\u75bc\u5417\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u51e0\u5341\u500d\u751a\u81f3\u4e0a\u767e\u500d\uff01\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5c06\u7528\u6700\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u5f7b\u5e95\u641e\u61c2MySQL\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002\u4ece\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5230\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9ad8\u6548\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5b9e\u6218\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c0f\u767d\u53d8\u6210\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u9ad8\u624b\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u50cf\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u672c1000\u9875\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\u627e&#8221;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458&#8221;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022\u00a0<strong>\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u7b2c1\u9875\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u9875\u4e00\u9875\u7ffb\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7ffb500\u9875\u624d\u80fd\u627e\u5230<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022\u00a0<strong>\u6709\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u7ffb\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u627e\u5230&#8221;\u7a0b&#8221;\u5b57\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8bcd\u5728\u7b2c300\u9875\uff0c\u77ac\u95f4\u5c31\u627e\u5230\u4e86<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684&#8221;\u76ee\u5f55&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u795e\u5947\u6548\u679c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><td>\u573a\u666f<\/td><td>\u65e0\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><td>\u6709\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><td>\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>100\u4e07\u6761\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2<\/td><td>\u626b\u63cf100\u4e07\u884c<\/td><td>\u626b\u63cf3-4\u884c<\/td><td>\u63d0\u534725\u4e07\u500d+<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td><td>50ms<\/td><td>1ms<\/td><td>\u63d0\u534750\u500d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8ba2\u5355\u67e5\u8be2<\/td><td>200ms<\/td><td>5ms<\/td><td>\u63d0\u534740\u500d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u6ca1\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u6162\u5f97\u8981\u547d\uff09\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE email = 'john@example.com';\n-- \u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a1.2\u79d2\uff08\u626b\u63cf\u4e8650\u4e07\u884c\u6570\u636e\uff09\n\n-- \u7ed9email\u5b57\u6bb5\u6dfb\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\u540e\nCREATE INDEX idx_email ON users(email);\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE email = 'john@example.com';\n-- \u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a0.01\u79d2\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u52301\u884c\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u4e86120\u500d\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406\uff1aB+\u6811\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fB+\u6811\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u5413\u5230\uff0cB+\u6811\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5012\u7f6e\u7684\u5927\u6811\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"420\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-63-1024x420.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18325\" style=\"width:522px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-63-1024x420.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-63-300x123.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-63-768x315.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-63-830x340.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-63-230x94.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-63-350x143.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-63-480x197.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-63.png 1308w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B+\u6811\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u67e5\u627e id = 75 \u7684\u7528\u6237\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 75;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u67e5\u627e\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>1.\u00a0<strong>\u7b2c1\u6b65<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c75\u572850-100\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8d70\u4e2d\u95f4\u5206\u652f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2.\u00a0<strong>\u7b2c2\u6b65<\/strong>\uff1a\u5230\u8fbe\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u627e\u5230id=75\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.\u00a0<strong>\u7b2c3\u6b65<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ea\u9700\u89813\u6b21\u78c1\u76d8IO\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e07\u6b21\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48B+\u6811\u8fd9\u4e48\u5feb\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><td>\u7279\u70b9<\/td><td>\u4f18\u52bf<\/td><td>\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u591a\u8def\u5e73\u8861<\/td><td>\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5f88\u4f4e<\/td><td>\u51cf\u5c11\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u53f6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5<\/td><td>\u652f\u6301\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2<\/td><td>ORDER BY\u3001\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u8be2\u5feb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u53ea\u5728\u53f6\u5b50\u5b58\u6570\u636e<\/td><td>\u5185\u90e8\u8282\u70b9\u5c0f<\/td><td>\u66f4\u591a\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5165\u5185\u5b58<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001MySQL\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8be6\u89e3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1. \u4e3b\u952e\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Primary Key\uff09<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u952e\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u6700\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7\u7801\u4e00\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u521b\u5efa\u4e3b\u952e\u7d22\u5f15\nCREATE TABLE users (\n    id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,  -- \u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u4e3b\u952e\u7d22\u5f15\n    name VARCHAR(50),\n    email VARCHAR(100)\n);\n\n-- \u4e3b\u952e\u67e5\u8be2\u8d85\u7ea7\u5feb\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 12345;  -- \u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u952e\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 \u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022 \u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u952e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022 \u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u6700\u597d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022 \u6570\u636e\u6309\u4e3b\u952e\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>2. \u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Unique Index\uff09<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u7ed9\u90ae\u7bb1\u6dfb\u52a0\u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\nCREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_email ON users(email);\n\n-- \u63d2\u5165\u91cd\u590d\u90ae\u7bb1\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\nINSERT INTO users(name, email) VALUES('\u5f20\u4e09', 'test@qq.com');  -- \u6210\u529f\nINSERT INTO users(name, email) VALUES('\u674e\u56db', 'test@qq.com');  -- \u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u90ae\u7bb1\u91cd\u590d<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>3. \u666e\u901a\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Normal Index\uff09<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u7ed9\u59d3\u540d\u6dfb\u52a0\u666e\u901a\u7d22\u5f15\nCREATE INDEX idx_name ON users(name);\n\n-- \u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u7528\u6237\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '\u5f20\u4e09';<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Composite Index\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u521b\u5efa\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\nCREATE INDEX idx_name_age_city ON users(name, age, city);\n\n-- \u8fd9\u4e9b\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u80fd\u7528\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '\u5f20\u4e09';                          -- \u2713 \u80fd\u7528\u5230\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '\u5f20\u4e09' AND age = 25;             -- \u2713 \u80fd\u7528\u5230  \nSELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '\u5f20\u4e09' AND age = 25 AND city = '\u5317\u4eac';  -- \u2713 \u80fd\u7528\u5230\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE age = 25;                               -- \u2717 \u7528\u4e0d\u5230\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE city = '\u5317\u4eac';                          -- \u2717 \u7528\u4e0d\u5230<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u6700\u5de6\u524d\u7f00\u539f\u5219\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u7d22\u5f15\uff1a(name, age, city)\n-- \u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a\n-- 1. (name)\n-- 2. (name, age) \n-- 3. (name, age, city)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6cd5\u52191\uff1a\u4e3aWHERE\u6761\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u7ecf\u5e38\u8fd9\u6837\u67e5\u8be2\nSELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = 123;\nSELECT * FROM orders WHERE status = 'paid';\nSELECT * FROM orders WHERE create_time > '2024-01-01';\n\n-- \u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d22\u5f15\nCREATE INDEX idx_user_id ON orders(user_id);\nCREATE INDEX idx_status ON orders(status);\nCREATE INDEX idx_create_time ON orders(create_time);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6cd5\u52192\uff1a\u4e3aORDER BY\u5b57\u6bb5\u6dfb\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u7ecf\u5e38\u6309\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f\nSELECT * FROM articles ORDER BY create_time DESC LIMIT 10;\n\n-- \u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u8ba9\u6392\u5e8f\u98de\u5feb\nCREATE INDEX idx_create_time ON articles(create_time);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6cd5\u52193\uff1a\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5f88\u5173\u952e<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u5982\u679c\u7ecf\u5e38\u8fd9\u6837\u67e5\u8be2\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE city = '\u5317\u4eac' AND age > 25 ORDER BY create_time;\n\n-- \u7d22\u5f15\u5b57\u6bb5\u987a\u5e8f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\uff1a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5728\u524d\nCREATE INDEX idx_city_age_create_time ON users(city, age, create_time);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6cd5\u52194\uff1a\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15\u8ba9\u67e5\u8be2\u66f4\u5feb<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u5982\u679c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\nSELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE age = 25;\n\n-- \u521b\u5efa\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8fde\u56de\u8868\u90fd\u7701\u4e86\nCREATE INDEX idx_age_name_email ON users(age, name, email);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u8ba2\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u573a\u666f\u63cf\u8ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba2\u5355\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">CREATE TABLE orders (\n    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,\n    user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,\n    order_no VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,\n    status ENUM('pending', 'paid', 'shipped', 'completed', 'cancelled'),\n    total_amount DECIMAL(10,2),\n    create_time DATETIME,\n    update_time DATETIME\n);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5e38\u89c1\u67e5\u8be2\u573a\u666f\u53ca\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u573a\u666f1\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ba2\u5355<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u539f\u59cb\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u6162\uff09\nSELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = 12345 ORDER BY create_time DESC;\n\n-- \u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\nCREATE INDEX idx_user_id_create_time ON orders(user_id, create_time);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 \u4f18\u5316\u524d\uff1a\u626b\u63cf50\u4e07\u884c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8017\u65f6800ms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022 \u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7528\u6237\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u8017\u65f65ms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u573a\u666f2\uff1a\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u67e5\u8be2\u5f85\u652f\u4ed8\u8ba2\u5355\nSELECT * FROM orders WHERE status = 'pending' AND create_time > '2024-01-01';\n\n-- \u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\nCREATE INDEX idx_status_create_time ON orders(status, create_time);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u573a\u666f3\uff1a\u8ba2\u5355\u53f7\u7cbe\u786e\u67e5\u627e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u901a\u8fc7\u8ba2\u5355\u53f7\u67e5\u627e\nSELECT * FROM orders WHERE order_no = 'ORD20240101001';\n\n-- \u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\nCREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_order_no ON orders(order_no);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u5316\u524d\u540e\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><td>\u67e5\u8be2\u7c7b\u578b<\/td><td>\u4f18\u5316\u524d\u8017\u65f6<\/td><td>\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u8017\u65f6<\/td><td>\u63d0\u5347\u500d\u6570<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u7528\u6237\u8ba2\u5355\u67e5\u8be2<\/td><td>800ms<\/td><td>5ms<\/td><td>160\u500d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u72b6\u6001\u7b5b\u9009<\/td><td>1200ms<\/td><td>8ms<\/td><td>150\u500d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8ba2\u5355\u53f7\u67e5\u627e<\/td><td>600ms<\/td><td>2ms<\/td><td>300\u500d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u516d\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a\u522b\u8e29\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5751<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57511\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u7ed9\u5c0f\u8868\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u7ed9\u53ea\u6709100\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u8868\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\nCREATE TABLE dict_status (\n    id INT PRIMARY KEY,\n    name VARCHAR(20)\n);\n-- \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u53cd\u800c\u6d6a\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57512\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u4f4e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u6027\u522b\u5b57\u6bb5\u53ea\u6709\u7537\/\u5973\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\nCREATE INDEX idx_gender ON users(gender);  -- \u6ca1\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u592a\u4f4e<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57513\uff1a\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u662f\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\nCREATE INDEX idx_name ON users(name);\nCREATE INDEX idx_age ON users(age);\nCREATE INDEX idx_city ON users(city);\nCREATE INDEX idx_phone ON users(phone);\nCREATE INDEX idx_email ON users(email);\n-- \u592a\u591a\u7d22\u5f15\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cdINSERT\/UPDATE\u6027\u80fd<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57514\uff1a\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u4f8b\nCREATE INDEX idx_age_name ON users(age, name);\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '\u5f20\u4e09';  -- \u7528\u4e0d\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\n\n-- \u6b63\u786e\u793a\u4f8b\nCREATE INDEX idx_name_age ON users(name, age);\nSELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '\u5f20\u4e09';  -- \u80fd\u7528\u5230\u7d22\u5f15<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e03\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\u5b9e\u6218\u6280\u5de7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6280\u5de71\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528EXPLAIN\u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15\nEXPLAIN SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = 12345;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>EXPLAIN\u7ed3\u679c\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><td>\u5b57\u6bb5<\/td><td>\u8bf4\u660e<\/td><td>\u597d\u7684\u503c<\/td><td>\u574f\u7684\u503c<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>type<\/td><td>\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u578b<\/td><td>const, eq_ref, ref<\/td><td>ALL, index<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>key<\/td><td>\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><td>\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u7d22\u5f15\u540d<\/td><td>NULL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>rows<\/td><td>\u626b\u63cf\u884c\u6570<\/td><td>\u8d8a\u5c11\u8d8a\u597d<\/td><td>\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b57<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Extra<\/td><td>\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><td>Using index<\/td><td>Using filesort<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6280\u5de72\uff1a\u76d1\u63a7\u6162\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u5f00\u542f\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\nSET GLOBAL slow_query_log = 'ON';\nSET GLOBAL long_query_time = 1;  -- \u8d85\u8fc71\u79d2\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\n\n-- \u67e5\u770b\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\nSHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'slow_query_log_file';<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6280\u5de73\uff1a\u5b9a\u671f\u5206\u6790\u8868\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u66f4\u65b0\u8868\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\nANALYZE TABLE orders;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6280\u5de74\uff1a\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u7f00\u7d22\u5f15\nCREATE INDEX idx_title_prefix ON articles(title(20));  -- \u53ea\u7d22\u5f15\u524d20\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u516b\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\u7279\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>1. \u51fd\u6570\u7d22\u5f15\uff08MySQL 8.0+\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u7ed9\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b57\u6bb5\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\nALTER TABLE orders ADD INDEX idx_year ((YEAR(create_time)));\n\n-- \u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u7528\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\nSELECT * FROM orders WHERE YEAR(create_time) = 2024;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. \u964d\u5e8f\u7d22\u5f15\uff08MySQL 8.0+\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u521b\u5efa\u964d\u5e8f\u7d22\u5f15\nCREATE INDEX idx_create_time_desc ON orders(create_time DESC);\n\n-- \u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u5feb\nSELECT * FROM orders ORDER BY create_time DESC LIMIT 10;\n\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7d22\u5f15\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff09\nCREATE INDEX idx_test ON orders(status) INVISIBLE;\n\n-- \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6027\u80fd\u540e\u518d\u8bbe\u4e3a\u53ef\u89c1\nALTER INDEX idx_test VISIBLE;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e5d\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7ef4\u62a4\uff1a\u8ba9\u7d22\u5f15\u4fdd\u6301\u6700\u4f73\u72b6\u6001<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u67e5\u770b\u7d22\u5f15\u4f7f\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\nSELECT \n    schema_name,\n    table_name,\n    index_name,\n    rows_selected,\n    rows_inserted,\n    rows_updated,\n    rows_deleted\nFROM performance_schema.table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage\nWHERE schema_name = 'your_database';<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5220\u9664\u65e0\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u627e\u51fa\u4ece\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nSELECT \n    t.table_schema,\n    t.table_name,\n    t.index_name\nFROM information_schema.statistics t\nLEFT JOIN performance_schema.table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage p\n    ON t.table_schema = p.object_schema\n    AND t.table_name = p.object_name\n    AND t.index_name = p.index_name\nWHERE p.index_name IS NULL\n    AND t.table_schema = 'your_database'\n    AND t.index_name != 'PRIMARY';<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cd\u5efa\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u68c0\u67e5\u7d22\u5f15\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\nSHOW TABLE STATUS WHERE name = 'orders';\n\n-- \u91cd\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\nALTER TABLE orders ENGINE=InnoDB;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5341\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u5546\u54c1\u8868\nCREATE TABLE products (\n    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,\n    category_id INT,\n    name VARCHAR(200),\n    price DECIMAL(10,2),\n    stock INT,\n    status TINYINT,\n    create_time DATETIME,\n  \n    -- \u6838\u5fc3\u7d22\u5f15\n    INDEX idx_category_status_price (category_id, status, price),\n    INDEX idx_name (name),\n    INDEX idx_create_time (create_time)\n);\n\n-- \u8ba2\u5355\u8868\nCREATE TABLE orders (\n    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,\n    user_id BIGINT,\n    status TINYINT,\n    total_amount DECIMAL(10,2),\n    create_time DATETIME,\n  \n    -- \u6838\u5fc3\u7d22\u5f15\n    INDEX idx_user_id_create_time (user_id, create_time),\n    INDEX idx_status_create_time (status, create_time)\n);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u793e\u4ea4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u7528\u6237\u5173\u6ce8\u8868\nCREATE TABLE user_follows (\n    id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,\n    follower_id BIGINT,    -- \u5173\u6ce8\u8005\n    following_id BIGINT,   -- \u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u8005\n    create_time DATETIME,\n  \n    -- \u6838\u5fc3\u7d22\u5f15\n    INDEX idx_follower_id (follower_id),        -- \u67e5\u8be2\u6211\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4eba\n    INDEX idx_following_id (following_id),      -- \u67e5\u8be2\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\u7684\u4eba\n    UNIQUE KEY uk_follow (follower_id, following_id)  -- \u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u5173\u6ce8\n);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b1\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u4f18\u5316\u524d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\nSELECT id, password_hash FROM users WHERE email = 'user@example.com';\n\n-- \u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\n-- \u6570\u636e\u91cf\uff1a100\u4e07\u7528\u6237\n-- \u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u5e73\u5747 850ms\n-- \u626b\u63cf\u884c\u6570\uff1a\u5e73\u5747 50\u4e07\u884c<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- 1. \u521b\u5efa\u90ae\u7bb1\u552f\u4e00\u7d22\u5f15\nCREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_email ON users(email);\n\n-- 2. \u521b\u5efa\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15\uff08\u907f\u514d\u56de\u8868\uff09\nCREATE INDEX idx_email_password ON users(email, password_hash);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><td>\u6307\u6807<\/td><td>\u4f18\u5316\u524d<\/td><td>\u4f18\u5316\u540e<\/td><td>\u63d0\u5347<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><td>850ms<\/td><td>2ms<\/td><td>425\u500d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u626b\u63cf\u884c\u6570<\/td><td>50\u4e07\u884c<\/td><td>1\u884c<\/td><td>50\u4e07\u500d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387<\/td><td>85%<\/td><td>5%<\/td><td>17\u500d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6848\u4f8b2\uff1a\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u5546\u54c1\u5217\u8868\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-- \u4f18\u5316\u524d\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u9875\uff08\u6df1\u5ea6\u5206\u9875\u5f88\u6162\uff09\nSELECT * FROM products \nWHERE category_id = 5 \nORDER BY create_time DESC \nLIMIT 50000, 20;  -- \u7b2c2500\u9875\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u6162\n\n-- \u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff1a\u6e38\u6807\u5206\u9875\nSELECT * FROM products \nWHERE category_id = 5 AND create_time &lt; '2024-01-15 10:30:00'\nORDER BY create_time DESC \nLIMIT 20;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6027\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><td>\u9875\u6570<\/td><td>\u4f20\u7edf\u5206\u9875<\/td><td>\u6e38\u6807\u5206\u9875<\/td><td>\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u7b2c1\u9875<\/td><td>5ms<\/td><td>3ms<\/td><td>1.7\u500d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7b2c100\u9875<\/td><td>50ms<\/td><td>3ms<\/td><td>16.7\u500d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7b2c1000\u9875<\/td><td>500ms<\/td><td>3ms<\/td><td>166.7\u500d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7b2c5000\u9875<\/td><td>2500ms<\/td><td>3ms<\/td><td>833.3\u500d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u539f\u5219<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u57fa\u7840\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 \u4e3b\u952e\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022 \u7ecf\u5e38WHERE\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u8981\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022 \u7ecf\u5e38ORDER BY\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u8981\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022 \u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u9002\u5408\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 \u9075\u5faa\u6700\u5de6\u524d\u7f00\u539f\u5219<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022 \u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u653e\u5728\u524d\u9762<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022 \u7ecf\u5e38\u7ec4\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5efa\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u6027\u80fd\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u2022 \u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u662f\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u597d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022 \u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u65e0\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022 \u76d1\u63a7\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u4f18\u5316<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4f7f\u7528\u8bef\u533a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><td>\u8bef\u533a<\/td><td>\u8bf4\u660e<\/td><td>\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bb5\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><td>\u6d6a\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5199\u6027\u80fd<\/td><td>\u53ea\u7ed9\u67e5\u8be2\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5ffd\u7565\u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u987a\u5e8f<\/td><td>\u7d22\u5f15\u5931\u6548<\/td><td>\u6309\u6700\u5de6\u524d\u7f00\u539f\u5219\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e0d\u76d1\u63a7\u7d22\u5f15\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/td><td>\u5b58\u5728\u65e0\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><td>\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u6e05\u7406\u65e0\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5c0f\u8868\u4e5f\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><td>\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931<\/td><td>\u5c0f\u8868\uff08&lt;1000\u884c\uff09\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"517\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-64-517x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18326\" style=\"width:357px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-64-517x1024.png 517w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-64-152x300.png 152w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-64-230x455.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-64-350x693.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-64-480x950.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-64.png 604w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbe\u8ba1\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u51e0\u5341\u500d\u751a\u81f3\u4e0a\u767e\u500d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u6240\u5728\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d22\u5f15\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u8ba9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u98de\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u544a\u522b\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u70e6\u607c\u3002\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u597d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbe\u8ba1 = \u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u67e5\u8be2 = \u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c = \u66f4\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff1aMySQL\u7d22\u5f15\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u98de\u8d77\u6765 \u8fd8\u5728\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u6162\u800c\u5934\u75bc\u5417\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u901f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18323"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18323"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18327,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18323\/revisions\/18327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}