{"id":17935,"date":"2025-06-22T20:45:09","date_gmt":"2025-06-22T12:45:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/92it.top\/?p=17935"},"modified":"2025-06-22T20:45:09","modified_gmt":"2025-06-22T12:45:09","slug":"%e4%ba%91%e5%8e%9f%e7%94%9f-%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5-linux-%e5%86%85%e6%a0%b8%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/92it.top\/?p=17935","title":{"rendered":"\u4e91\u539f\u751f-\u6df1\u5165 Linux \u5185\u6838\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebyte.com.cn\/network\/summary.html\">https:\/\/www.thebyte.com.cn\/network\/summary.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\u521b\u9020\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d56\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790 Linux \u5185\u6838\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c42\u5c42\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u89e3\u6790 Linux \u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd netfilter\u3001iptables \u4ee5\u53ca conntrack\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u5bc6\u5207\u534f\u4f5c\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9 Linux \u5185\u6838\u5728\u5bc6\u96c6\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e1a\u5185\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u8de8\u5185\u6838\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd DPDK\u3001RDMA \u548c eBPF \u6280\u672f\uff09\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u865a\u62df\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u5982\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\uff09\u50a8\u5907\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"289\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-275-1024x289.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17936\" style=\"width:558px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-275-1024x289.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-275-300x85.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-275-768x217.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-275-1536x434.png 1536w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-275-830x234.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-275-230x65.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-275-350x99.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-275-480x136.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-275.png 2032w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>OSI \u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u5c42\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7ae0\u53ca\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u201cL7\u201d\u3001\u201cL4\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e8c\u5c42\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e09\u5c42\u201d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u6e90\u81ea\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684 OSI \u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7531 ISO\uff08\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09\u4e8e 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u63d0\u4f9b\u901a\u7528\u53c2\u8003\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f7f\u76f8\u540c\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u591f\u4e92\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u8868 3-1 \u6240\u793a\uff1aOSI \u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5206\u5c42\u201d\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e03\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5404\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f9b\u8bfb\u8005\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u5c42\u7ea7<\/th><th>\u540d\u79f0<\/th><th>\u542b\u4e49<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>7<\/td><td>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff08Application Layer\uff09<\/td><td>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u662f OSI \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9876\u5c42\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u8be5\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6709 HTTP\u3001FTP\u3001SMTP \u7b49\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>\u8868\u793a\u5c42\uff08Presentation Layer\uff09<\/td><td>\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8be5\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6709 SSL\/TLS\u3001JPEG\u3001MIME \u7b49\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\uff08Session Layer\uff09<\/td><td>\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u7ec8\u6b62\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff08Transport Layer\uff09<\/td><td>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6bb5\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u9519\u8bef\u6062\u590d\u3002\u8be5\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6709 TCP \u548c UDP\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff08Network Layer\uff09<\/td><td>\u63d0\u4f9b\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5982 IP \u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8be5\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6709 IPv4\u3001IPv6\u3001ICMP\u3001ARP \u7b49\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff08Data Link Layer\uff09<\/td><td>\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff08LAN\uff09\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5355\u5143\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e27\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u7ea0\u6b63\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8be5\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6709 Ethernet\u3001PPP\u3001HDLC \u7b49\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff08Physical Layer\uff09<\/td><td>\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u662f OSI \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6bd4\u7279\u6d41\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5e27\u201d\uff08Frame\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u201d\uff08Packet\uff09\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u201d\uff08Segment\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u636e\u201d\uff08Data\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u201d\u6cdb\u6307\u5404\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u6536\u5305\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u8282\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u5165\u7f51\u5361\uff08eth0\uff09\u540e\uff0cLinux \u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6709\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7ed3 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u6536\u5305\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u56fe \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-276-1024x624.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17937\" style=\"width:566px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-276-1024x624.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-276-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-276-768x468.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-276-1536x936.png 1536w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-276-2048x1248.png 2048w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-276-830x506.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-276-230x140.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-276-350x213.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-276-480x293.png 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u4e3b\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7531\u7f51\u5361 eth0 \u63a5\u6536\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f51\u5361\u901a\u8fc7 DMA\uff08Direct Memory Access\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684 RingBuffer\uff08\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff09\u7b49\u5f85 CPU \u5904\u7406\u3002RingBuffer \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\u7684\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u7f13\u89e3\u7f51\u5361\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u4e8e CPU \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u7f51\u5361\u4ea7\u751f IRQ\uff08Interrupt Request\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u4e2d\u65ad\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u5185\u6838\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5524\u9192 ksoftirqd \u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u8f6f\u4e2d\u65ad\uff08SoftIRQ\uff09\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8f6f\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u7528\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u7684 NAPI\uff08New API\uff09poll \u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4ece RingBuffer \u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a skb\uff08Socket Buffer\uff09\u683c\u5f0f\u3002skb \u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u8fd8\u662f\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0cLinux \u5185\u6838\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ee5 skb \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>skb \u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u6b21\u95f4\u5904\u7406\uff1a\n<ul>\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff08L3 Network layer\uff09\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8def\u7531\u5230\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\uff08Network Interface\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7a0d\u540e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7269\u7406\u7f51\u5361 eth0 \u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff08L4 Transport layer\uff09\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff08NAT\uff09\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff08conntrack\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u5230 socket \u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff08\u5982 Socket API\uff09\u4ece\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6536\u5305\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ef\u89c1\uff0cLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff08\u5982\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u5305\/\u89e3\u5305\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u9891\u7e41\u53d1\u751f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\uff08Context Switch\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7f51\u7edc\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0cLinux \u5185\u6838\u74f6\u9888\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u73af\u8282\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e1a\u754c\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5982\u56fe  \u6240\u793a\u7684 XDP \u548c DPDK \u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Linux \u5185\u6838\u7f51\u7edc\u6846\u67b6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08\u89c1\u56fe 3-1\uff09\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u56fa\u5b9a\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u4ece Linux \u5185\u6838 2.4 \u7248\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6846\u67b6 \u2014\u2014 Netfilter\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u5916\u754c\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6d41\u7ecf\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u5c01\u5305\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5730\u5740\u4f2a\u88c5\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u900f\u660e\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u5e26\u5bbd\u9650\u901f\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e Netfilter \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u62e6\u622a\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0cNetfilter \u662f\u6574\u4e2a Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u91cd\u8981\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Netfilter \u7684 5 \u4e2a\u94a9\u5b50<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Netfilter \u56f4\u7ed5\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff09\u201c\u57cb\u4e0b\u201d\u4e86 5 \u4e2a\u94a9\u5b50\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0 hook\uff09<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebyte.com.cn\/network\/netfilter.html#footnote1\">[1]<\/a><a><\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5e72\u9884 Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002Linux \u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u5982 iptables\u3001IPVS \u7b49\uff09\u5411\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94a9\u5b50\u6ce8\u518c\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5e76\u7ecf\u8fc7\u94a9\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9 5 \u4e2a\u94a9\u5b50\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>PREROUTING<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5982\u7f51\u5361\uff09\u8fdb\u5165\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u8be5\u94a9\u5b50\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684 \u201cDestination IP\u201d \u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u8be5\u94a9\u5b50\uff0c\u5373 PREROUTING \u94a9\u5b50\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff08DNAT\uff0cDestination NAT\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FORWARD<\/strong>\uff1a\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u6307\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684 PREROUTING \u94a9\u5b50\u5e76\u672a\u7ecf\u8fc7 IP \u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u5f80\u672c\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u7167\u5355\u5168\u6536\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u5f80\u672c\u673a\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 FORWARD \u94a9\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u673a\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9\uff0cFORWARD \u94a9\u5b50\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u540e\u7aef\u201d\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>INPUT<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u53d1\u5f80\u672c\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u672c\u94a9\u5b50\u3002INPUT \u94a9\u5b50\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6765\u52a0\u5de5\u53d1\u5f80\u672c\u673a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u672c\u673a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>OUTPUT<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u9001\u8fbe\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u628a\u7ed3\u679c\u9001\u56de\u8bf7\u6c42\u7aef\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7 IP \u8def\u7531\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u8be5\u94a9\u5b50\u3002OUTPUT \u94a9\u5b50 \u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u5de5\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u672c\u673a\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u53d1\u5f80 www.example.org \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u90fd\u4e22\u5f03\u6389\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>POSTROUTING<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u51fa\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u8be5\u94a9\u5b50\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u672c\u673a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7684\u3002POSTROUTING \u94a9\u5b50 \u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u6e90\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff08SNAT\uff0cSource NAT\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9 5 \u4e2a\u94a9\u5b50\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5982\u56fe \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"719\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-278-1024x719.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17939\" style=\"width:534px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-278-1024x719.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-278-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-278-768x539.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-278-1536x1078.png 1536w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-278-2048x1437.png 2048w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-278-830x582.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-278-230x161.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-278-350x246.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-278-480x337.png 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Netfilter \u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u94a9\u5b50\u4e0a\u6ce8\u518c\u591a\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u89e6\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u4e32\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u56de\u8c03\u94fe\u201d\uff08Chained Callbacks\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97\u57fa\u4e8e Netfilter \u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u591a\u5e26\u6709\u201c\u94fe\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u7a0d\u540e\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684 iptables\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Hook \u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u540e\u7eed\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684 eBPF \u548c Kubernetes\u3002Kubernetes \u901a\u8fc7\u66b4\u9732\u5404\u79cd\u63a5\u53e3\uff08hook\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u63d2\u5165\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6269\u5c55\u5176\u5728\u7f16\u6392\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Netfilter \u7684\u94a9\u5b50\u56de\u8c03\u56fa\u7136\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e Netfilter \u6846\u67b6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4fbf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u5982 iptables\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u719f\u6089 Linux \u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7 iptables\uff0c\u5b83\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a Linux \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e25\u8c28\u5730\u8bb2\uff0ciptables \u80fd\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u8fdc\u8d85\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5e94\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u4ee3\u66ff Netfilter \u591a\u6570\u5e38\u89c4\u529f\u80fd\u7684 IP \u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>iptables \u8868\u548c\u94fe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Netfilter \u4e2d\u7684\u94a9\u5b50\u5728 iptables \u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u94fe\u201d\uff08chain\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>iptables \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5305\u542b 5 \u6761\u89c4\u5219\u94fe PREROUTING\u3001INPUT\u3001FORWARD\u3001OUTPUT\u3001POSTROUTING\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86 Netfilter \u7684 5 \u4e2a\u94a9\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>iptables \u5c06\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u62bd\u8c61\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\u7ecf\u8fc7 Netfilter \u94a9\u5b50\u65f6\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f iptables \u7684\u94fe\uff09\uff0ciptables \u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6e90\/\u76ee\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982 TCP\u3001UDP\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7aef\u53e3\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u89e6\u53d1\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>iptables \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53ca\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>ACCEPT\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DROP\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RETURN\uff1a\u8df3\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u89c4\u5219\u201c\u94fe\u201d\uff08Chain\uff0c\u7a0d\u540e\u89e3\u91ca\uff09\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DNAT\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SNAT\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>REDIRECT\uff1a\u5728\u672c\u673a\u4e0a\u505a\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c06 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u5230 8080\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u4f1a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 8080 \u7aef\u53e3\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76d1\u542c\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>REJECT\uff1a\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e DROP \u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 ICMP \u534f\u8bae\u5411\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8fd4\u56de Destination network unreachable \u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MASQUERADE\uff1a\u5730\u5740\u4f2a\u88c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u7684 SNAT\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u7684 IP \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7528 SNAT \u5c31\u4e0d\u597d\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LOG\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 iptables \u89c4\u5219\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u94fe\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5f52\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff08ACCEPT\u3001DROP\u3001RETURN\u3001REJECT \u7b49\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u5904\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u52a8\u4f5c\uff08DNAT\u3001SNAT\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u5904\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u6709\u4e86\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>iptables \u5171\u6709 5 \u5f20\u89c4\u5219\u8868\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>raw \u8868\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u673a\u5236\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528 raw \u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d conntrack \u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mangle \u8868\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5934\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539 ToS\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3001TTL\uff08\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u6216 Mark\uff08\u6807\u8bb0\uff09\u7b49\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd QoS \u5904\u7406\u6216\u8def\u7531\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nat \u8868\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff08NAT\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u6216\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u5165\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u65f6\uff0cnat \u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8def\u7531\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u79c1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>filter \u8868\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u653e\u884c\uff08ACCEPT\uff09\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\uff08REJECT\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u4e22\u5f03\uff08DROP\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a -t \u9009\u9879\uff0ciptables \u9ed8\u8ba4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5c31\u662f filter \u8868\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>security \u8868\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u914d\u5408 SELinux \u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u65bd\u52a0\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u9664 SELinux \u76f8\u5173\u5e94\u7528\u5916\uff0csecurity \u8868\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u653e\u884c TCP 22 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u5728 INPUT \u94fe\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0 ACCEPT \u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">$  iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u4e0e\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u89c4\u5219\u672c\u8eab\u4e0e\u94fe\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u89e3\u8026\u4e86\u94fe\u4e0e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u67d0\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u56fe 3-3 \u603b\u7ed3\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u5165 iptables \u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u9996\u5148\u7ecf\u8fc7 raw \u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u63a5\u7740 mangle \u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u968f\u540e nat \u8fdb\u884c\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u6700\u540e filter \u6267\u884c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u653e\u884c\u6216\u4e22\u5f03\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u800c security \u4ec5\u5728 SELinux \u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5e94\u7528\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe 3-3 \u6570\u636e\u5305\u901a\u8fc7 Netfilter \u65f6\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-279-1024x340.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17940\" style=\"width:540px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-279-1024x340.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-279-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-279-768x255.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-279-1536x509.png 1536w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-279-830x275.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-279-230x76.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-279-350x116.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-279-480x159.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-279.png 2002w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>iptables \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u4e86 5 \u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u94fe \u4e4b\u5916\uff0ciptables \u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u94fe\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u5165\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8fd4\u56de\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u94fe\uff0c\u6216\u7ee7\u7eed\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u4f7f iptables \u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 Kubernetes \u4e2d\uff0ckube-proxy \u4f9d\u8d56 iptables \u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe \u5b9e\u73b0 Service \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c4\u5219\u8df3\u8f6c\u7ba1\u7406\u6d41\u91cf\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u5bb9\u5668\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a Service\uff0cKubernetes \u4f1a\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6761 iptable \u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-A KUBE-SERVICES -d 10.0.1.175\/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j KUBE-SVC-NWV5X<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6761 iptables \u89c4\u5219\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\uff1a\u51e1\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f 10.0.1.175\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u662f 80 \u7684 IP \u5305\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u6761\u540d\u53eb KUBE-SVC-NWV5X \u7684 iptables \u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u300210.0.1.175 \u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f Service \u7684 VIP\uff08Virtual IP Address\uff0c\u865a\u62df IP \u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f iptables \u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 ping \u4e0d\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684 KUBE-SVC-NWV5X \u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X --mode random --probability 0.33332999982 -j KUBE-SEP-WNBA2\n-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X --mode random --probability 0.50000000000 -j KUBE-SEP-X3P26\n-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X -j KUBE-SEP-57KPR<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4\u89c4\u5219\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u968f\u673a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u2013mode random\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f Service \u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u968f\u673a\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e3a <code>KUBE-SEP-&lt;hash&gt;<\/code> \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe<code>KUBE-SEP-&lt;hash><\/code>\u7684\u660e\u7ec6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3 Service \u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u7406\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">-A KUBE-SEP-WNBA2 -s 10.244.3.6\/32  -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000\/0x00004000\n-A KUBE-SEP-WNBA2 -p tcp -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.3.6:9376<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u94fe <code>KUBE-SEP-&lt;hash&gt;<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u6761 DNAT \u89c4\u5219\u3002DNAT \u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5728 PREROUTING \u94a9\u5b50\u5904\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8def\u7531\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u6d41\u5165 IP \u5305\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6539\u6210 \u2013to-destination \u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u800c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3 10.244.3.6:9376\uff0c\u6b63\u662f Service \u4ee3\u7406 Pod \u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee Service VIP \u7684 IP \u5305\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0 iptables \u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8bbf\u95ee\u5177\u4f53\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef Pod \u7684 IP \u5305\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728 kube-proxy \u4e2d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a iptables \u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5bb9\u5668\u95f4\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u64cd\u4f5c \u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56 iptables \u89c4\u5219 \u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u5230 iptables \u673a\u5236\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u968f\u7740 Service \u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0ciptables \u89c4\u5219\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u5448\u73b0\u66b4\u6da8\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u62c5\u52a0\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3 iptables \u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff0ckube-proxy \u65b0\u589e\u4e86 IPVS \u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<strong>\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528 Linux \u5185\u6838\u56db\u5c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6a21\u5757 IPVS \u5b9e\u73b0\u5bb9\u5668\u95f4\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u548c Service \u89c4\u6a21\u65e0\u5173<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684 IPVS \u6a21\u5757\u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c Service \u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u8fd8\u4f9d\u8d56 iptables \u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u6d41\u91cf\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b iptables \u89c4\u5219\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u8f85\u52a9\uff0c\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u7740 Service \u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u81a8\u80c0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u56fe 3-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 iptables \u4e0e IPVS \u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5f53 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4 \u4e2d\u7684 Service \u6570\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230 1,000 \u4e2a\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u7ea6 10,000 \u4e2a Pod\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe 3-4 iptables \u4e0e IPVS \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\uff08\u7ed3\u679c\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u8d8a\u597d\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"511\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-280-1024x511.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17941\" style=\"width:520px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-280-1024x511.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-280-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-280-768x383.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-280-1536x766.png 1536w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-280-830x414.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-280-230x115.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-280-350x175.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-280-480x240.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-280.png 2008w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528 iptables \u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Cilium \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bb9\u5668\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u65e0\u9700 kube-proxy \u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7b14\u8005\u7a0d\u540e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u201c\u5185\u6838\u65c1\u8def\u201d\u6280\u672f\u7ed5\u8fc7 iptables \u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u63d0\u5347\u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6a21\u5757 conntrack<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>conntrack \u662f\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u201d\uff08connection tracking\uff09\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u8ddf\u8e2a Linux \u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cconntrack \u8ddf\u8e2a\u7684\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e TCP \u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec UDP\u3001ICMP \u7b49\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5f53 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0cconntrack \u6a21\u5757\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5176\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u66f4\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982 NEW\u3001ESTABLISHED \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5 TCP \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e conntrack \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406 \uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a TCP SYN \u5305\uff0c\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u6536\u5230 SYN \u5305\u540e\uff0cconntrack \u6a21\u5757\u4e3a\u5176\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a NEW\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56de\u590d SYN-ACK \u5305\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684 ACK\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3a ESTABLISHED\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4 cat \/proc\/net\/nf_conntrack \u67e5\u770b\u8fde\u63a5\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a ESTABLISHED \u7684 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">$ cat \/proc\/net\/nf_conntrack\nipv4     2 tcp      6 88 ESTABLISHED src=10.0.12.12 dst=10.0.12.14 sport=48318 dport=27017 src=10.0.12.14 dst=10.0.12.12 sport=27017 dport=48318 [ASSURED] mark=0 zone=0 use=2\n\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>conntrack \u8fde\u63a5\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f iptables \u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0 SNAT \u548c DNAT \u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053 Kubernetes \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6 kube-proxy\uff0c\u5b83\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff08Service\uff09\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\uff08\u5373 NAT\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u5916\u90e8\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bbf\u95ee Service \u65f6\uff0c\u6d41\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab DNAT \u8f6c\u53d1\u5230 PodIP:Port\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u5219\u7ecf\u8fc7 SNAT \u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411 my-service\uff08IP 10.0.0.10\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3 80\uff09\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u7684 kube-proxy \u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u6267\u884c DNAT \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4ece 10.0.0.10:80 \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a Pod \u7684 IP \u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u5982 192.168.1.2:8080\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pod \u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\uff0ckube-proxy \u6267\u884c SNAT \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u4ece 192.168.1.2:8080 \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a Service IP 10.0.0.10:80\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>conntrack \u6a21\u5757\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bb0\u5f55\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5230 Pod \u7684 DNAT \u6620\u5c04\u3001\u4ece Pod \u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684 SNAT \u6620\u5c04\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u6765\u6709\u56de\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 NAT \u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e Pod \u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\uff08\u5982\u56fe 3-5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff0cconntrack \u6a21\u5757\u6839\u636e iptables \u89c4\u5219\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c DNAT\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0cLinux \u7f51\u6865\u53d1\u73b0\u76ee\u6807 IP \u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u6865\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684 conntrack \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 SNAT \u64cd\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u56fe 3-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u4e0d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u201c\u9891\u9053\u201d\u4e0a\uff0cNAT \u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5bb9\u5668\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe 3-5 \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9891\u9053\u201d\u4e0a\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u901a\u4fe1\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"698\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-281-1024x698.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17942\" style=\"width:522px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-281-1024x698.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-281-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-281-768x523.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-281-1536x1046.png 1536w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-281-830x565.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-281-230x157.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-281-350x238.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-281-480x327.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-281.png 1876w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0cLinux \u5185\u6838\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 bridge-nf-call-iptables \u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5728\u7f51\u6865\u4e2d\u89e6\u53d1 iptables \u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1 NAT \u5904\u7406\u65f6 conntrack \u8fde\u63a5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u90e8\u7f72 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5185\u6838\u65c1\u8def\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u9762\u5f00\u53d1\u5957\u4ef6 DPDK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>2010 \u5e74\uff0cIntel \u4e3b\u5bfc\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86 DPDK\uff08Data Plane Development Kit\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u9762\u5f00\u53d1\u5957\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u5185\u6838\u65c1\u8def\u201d\u7406\u5ff5\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u4e00\u5957\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u521d\uff0cDPDK \u662f Intel \u4e3a\u63a8\u9500\u81ea\u5bb6\u786c\u4ef6\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u9a71\u52a8\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9 Intel \u5904\u7406\u5668\u548c\u7f51\u5361\u3002\u968f\u7740 DPDK \u5f00\u6e90\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5382\u5546\u5f00\u59cb\u8d21\u732e\u4ee3\u7801\uff0cDPDK \u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5bf9\u66f4\u591a\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301 Intel \u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u8fd8\u517c\u5bb9 AMD\u3001ARM \u7b49\u5382\u5546\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff1b\u7f51\u5361\u652f\u6301\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86 Intel\u3001Mellanox\u3001ARM \u96c6\u6210\u7f51\u5361\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cDPDK \u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe 3-6 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86 DPDK\uff08Fast Path\uff09\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Slow Path\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cDPDK \u7684\u5e93\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\u5374\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\uff08\u56fe\u5de6\u4fa7\uff09\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5361\uff08NIC\uff09\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7 Socket \u63a5\u53e3\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DPDK \u52a0\u901f\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\uff08\u56fe\u53f3\u4fa7\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4 I\/O\uff08UIO\uff09\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u4ece\u7f51\u5361\u4f20\u8f93\u81f3 DPDK \u57fa\u7840\u5e93\uff0c\u518d\u4f20\u9012\u81f3\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cDPDK \u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e86 Linux \u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u6536\u53d1\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe 3-6 DPDK \u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"664\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-282-1024x664.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17943\" style=\"width:520px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-282-1024x664.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-282-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-282-768x498.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-282-1536x997.png 1536w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-282-830x539.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-282-230x149.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-282-350x227.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-282-480x311.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-282.png 1942w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u7231\u5947\u827a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684 DPVS \u662f DPDK \u6280\u672f\u5728\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u56fe 3-7 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86 DPVS \u4e0e\u6807\u51c6 LVS \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4ece\u6bcf\u79d2\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6570\u91cf\uff08Packet Per Second\uff0cPPS\uff09\u7684\u6307\u6807\u6765\u770b\uff0cDPVS \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u6bd4 LVS \u9ad8\u51fa 300%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe 3-7 DPVS \u4e0e LVS \u7684 PPS \u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff08\u7ed3\u679c\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u8d8a\u597d\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"622\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-283-1024x622.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17944\" style=\"width:454px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-283-1024x622.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-283-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-283-768x467.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-283-830x504.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-283-230x140.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-283-350x213.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-283-480x292.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-283.png 1432w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d77\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u90e8\u7f72\u6570\u5343\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u4e07\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5c06\u5355\u673a\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u5341\u500d\u751a\u81f3\u767e\u500d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u786c\u4ef6\u6295\u5165\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8282\u7ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u9769\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u975e\u5e38\u8bf1\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DPDK \u662f\u7531\u786c\u4ef6\u5382\u5546\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u5185\u6838\u65c1\u8def\u201d\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7531\u793e\u533a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u201c\u5185\u6838\u65c1\u8def\u201d\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>eBPF \u548c \u5feb\u901f\u6570\u636e\u8def\u5f84 XDP<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e DPDK \u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u5185\u6838\u65c1\u8def\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5b83\u5929\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e Linux \u5185\u6838\u751f\u6001\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2016 \u5e74\uff0cLinux Netdev \u4f1a\u8bae\uff0cLinux \u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u8005 David S. Miller<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebyte.com.cn\/network\/XDP.html#footnote1\">[1]<\/a><a><\/a><\/sup> \u558a\u51fa\u4e86\u201cDPDK is not Linux\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u968f\u7740 eBPF \u6280\u672f\u6210\u719f\uff0cLinux \u5185\u6838\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u201d \u2014\u2014 XDP\uff08eXpress Data Path\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6570\u636e\u8def\u5f84\uff09\u3002XDP \u56e0\u5176\u5ab2\u7f8e DPDK \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u80cc\u9760 Linux \u5185\u6838\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u548c\u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u65e0\u9700\u4e13\u7528 CPU \u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4e00\u7ecf\u63a8\u51fa\u4fbf\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DPDK \u6280\u672f\u5b8c\u5168\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u900f\u4f20\u81f3\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5904\u7406\u3002XDP \u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6267\u884c\u7528\u6237\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e BPF\uff08Berkeley Packet Filter\uff0c\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff09\u6280\u672f \u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u79cd\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b89\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002Linux \u5185\u6838 2.5 \u7248\u672c\u8d77\uff0cLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u6301 BPF \u6280\u672f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u65e9\u671f\u7684 BPF \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002\u5230\u4e86 Linux \u5185\u6838 3.18 \u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5168\u65b0\u7684 BPF \u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8bf4\u7684 eBPF\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u7684 BPF \u76f8\u6bd4\uff0ceBPF \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u518d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5b83\u51e0\u4e4e\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709 Linux \u5185\u6838\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8bfb\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\uff0ceBPF \u8bbf\u95ee Linux \u5185\u6838\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e Netfilter \u5f00\u653e\u94a9\u5b50\u7684\u673a\u5236\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0cNetfilter \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u94a9\u5b50\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411 Linux \u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\uff1b\u800c eBPF \u5219\u9762\u5411\u666e\u901a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0cLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u94a9\u5b50\u4f9b\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6302\u8f7d eBPF \u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b14\u8005\u5217\u4e3e\u90e8\u5206\u94a9\u5b50\u4f9b\u8bfb\u8005\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>TC<\/strong>\uff08Traffic Control\uff09\u94a9\u5b50\uff1a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u5c42\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7ecf Linux \u5185\u6838\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u5165\u6216\u79bb\u5f00\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u89e6\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tracepoints \u94a9\u5b50\uff1aTracepoints \u662f\u5185\u6838\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u9759\u6001\u63a2\u6d4b\u94a9\u5b50\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u5904\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u63a7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LSM<\/strong>\uff08Linux Security Modules\uff09\u94a9\u5b50\uff1a\u4f4d\u4e8e Linux \u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u5757\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\uff09\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1 eBPF \u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199 eBPF \u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>XDP<\/strong> \u94a9\u5b50\uff1a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u94a9\u5b50\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6536\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d85\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 DDoS \u9632\u62a4\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u94a9\u5b50\u53ef\u89c1\uff0cXDP \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f Linux \u5185\u6838\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u94a9\u5b50\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5c42\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u5f53 XDP \u6267\u884c\u5b8c eBPF \u7a0b\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u8fd4\u56de\u7801\u201d\u6765\u6307\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5904\u7406\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>XDP \u7684 5 \u79cd\u8fd4\u56de\u7801\u53ca\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>XDP_ABORTED<\/strong>\uff1a\u8868\u793a XDP \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>XDP_DROP<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u6389\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e0\u6548\u6216\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5982\u5b9e\u73b0 DDoS \u9632\u62a4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u6076\u610f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>XDP_PASS<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ee7\u7eed\u9001\u5f80\u5185\u6838\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 XDP \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>XDP_TX<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5165\u7ad9\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u53d1\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u56de\u73af\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u573a\u666f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>XDP_REDIRECT<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7f51\u5361\u6216 CPU\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408 AF_XDP<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebyte.com.cn\/network\/XDP.html#footnote2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u76f4\u63a5\u9001\u5f80\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"812\" height=\"830\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-284.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17945\" style=\"width:360px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-284.png 812w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-284-293x300.png 293w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-284-768x785.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-284-230x235.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-284-350x358.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-284-480x491.png 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>eBPF \u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6781\u5927\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u518d\u7ed3\u5408 XDP \u94a9\u5b50\uff0c\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u6536\u5305\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u4ecb\u5165\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e1a\u5185\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6848 Cilium \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u5728 eBPF \u548c XDP \u94a9\u5b50\uff08\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u94a9\u5b50\uff09\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5168\u65b0\u7684 conntrack \u548c NAT \u673a\u5236\u3002\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u5982 L3\/L4 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u89c2\u6d4b\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7b49\u5404\u7c7b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e Cilium \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e Netfilter\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6570\u636e\u548c NAT \u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 Linux \u5185\u6838\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 conntrack \u8868\u548c NAT \u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 Linux \u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982 conntrack\u3001netstat\u3001ss \u548c lsof\uff09\u65e0\u6cd5\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 Cilium \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">$ cilium bpf nat list  \/\/ \u5217\u51fa Cilium \u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u7684 NAT \u89c4\u5219\u3002\n$ cilium bpf ct list global \/\/ \u5217\u51fa Cilium \u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6761\u76ee<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Linux Netdev\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u6808\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002David S. Miller \u662f Linux \u5185\u6838\u7f51\u7edc\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f Linux \u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u7269\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebyte.com.cn\/network\/XDP.html#footnote-ref1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u76f8\u8f83 AF_INET \u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684 Linux socket\uff0cAF_XDP \u5219\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u57fa\u4e8e XDP \u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd Linux socket\u3002 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebyte.com.cn\/network\/XDP.html#footnote-ref2\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee RDMA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u6280\u672f\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4f46\u4f20\u7edf\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5728\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u548c CPU \u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u5148\u5929\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0cRDMA\uff08Remote Direct Memory Access\uff0c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\u6280\u672f\u51ed\u501f\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u4f18\u9009\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RDMA \u8bbe\u8ba1\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e DMA\uff08Direct Memory Access\uff09\u6280\u672f<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebyte.com.cn\/network\/RDMA.html#footnote1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u5982\u56fe 3-10 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7 RDMA Verbs API \u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7ecf\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216 CPU \u53c2\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c CPU \u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"992\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RDMA-BwxADNX--1024x992.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17946\" style=\"width:510px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RDMA-BwxADNX--1024x992.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RDMA-BwxADNX--300x291.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RDMA-BwxADNX--768x744.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RDMA-BwxADNX--830x804.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RDMA-BwxADNX--230x223.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RDMA-BwxADNX--350x339.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RDMA-BwxADNX--480x465.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RDMA-BwxADNX-.png 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>RDMA \u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53ca\u533a\u522b\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Infiniband<\/strong>\uff08\u65e0\u9650\u5e26\u5bbd\uff09\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a RDMA \u800c\u751f\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7531 IBTA\uff08InfiniBand Trade Association\uff0c InfiniBand \u8d38\u6613\u534f\u4f1a\uff09\u5728 2000 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u6781\u81f4\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff08\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c0f\u4e8e 3 \u03bcs \u65f6\u5ef6\u548c 400Gb\/s \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u541e\u5410\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5907\u53d7\u9752\u7750\u3002 \u4f46\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6784\u5efa Infiniband \u7f51\u7edc\u9700\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u5168\u5957\u4e13\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5982\u4e13\u7528\u7f51\u5361\u3001\u4e13\u7528\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u548c\u4e13\u7528\u7f51\u7ebf\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u666e\u53ca\u6027\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6280\u672f\u67b6\u6784\u5c01\u95ed\uff0c\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u901a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u517c\u5bb9 Infiniband \u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\uff0cInfiniBand \u4ecd\u56e0\u5176\u6781\u81f4\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u7528 ChatGPT \u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e Infiniband \u7f51\u7edc\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>iWRAP<\/strong>\uff08Internet Wide Area RDMA Protocol\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e7f\u57df RDMA \u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06 RDMA \u5c01\u88c5\u5728 TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002RDMA \u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u800c TCP\/IP \u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u524a\u5f31\u4e86 iWRAP \u7684 RDMA \u6280\u672f\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0ciWRAP \u7531\u4e8e\u5148\u5929\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u4e1a\u754c\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3a\u964d\u4f4e RDMA \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u5176\u5728\u901a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0cIBTA \u4e8e 2010 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86 <strong>RoCE<\/strong>\uff08RDMA over Converged Ethernet\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\u6280\u672f\u3002RoCE \u5c06 Infiniband \u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\uff08IB Payload\uff09\u201c\u79fb\u690d\u201d\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff0c\u4f7f RDMA \u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u914d\u5907\u652f\u6301 RoCE \u7684\u4e13\u7528\u7f51\u5361\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4eab\u53d7 RDMA \u6280\u672f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u56fe 3-11 \u6240\u793a\uff0cRoCE \u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff1a<ul><li><strong>RoCEv1<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff0c\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8de8\u5b50\u7f51\u4f20\u8f93\uff1b<\/li><li><strong>RoCEv2<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e09\u5c42 IP \u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u5b50\u7f51\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/li><\/ul>RoCEv2 \u514b\u670d\u4e86 RoCEv1 \u4e0d\u80fd\u8de8\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u548c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u901a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5fae\u8f6f Azure \u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u622a\u81f3 2023 \u5e74\uff0cAzure \u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e2d RDMA \u6d41\u91cf\u5df2\u5360\u603b\u6d41\u91cf\u7684 70%<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebyte.com.cn\/network\/RDMA.html#footnote1\">[1:1]<\/a><\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-286-1024x478.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17948\" style=\"width:686px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-286-1024x478.png 1024w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-286-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-286-768x359.png 768w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-286-1536x718.png 1536w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-286-830x388.png 830w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-286-230x107.png 230w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-286-350x163.png 350w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-286-480x224.png 480w, https:\/\/92it.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-286.png 2008w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>RDMA \u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u4e22\u5305\u6781\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u5927\u91cf\u91cd\u4f20\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u4f20\u8f93\u6027\u80fd\u3002Infiniband \u4f9d\u8d56\u4e13\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u800c RoCE \u6784\u5efa\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 RDMA \u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cRoCE \u7f51\u7edc\u9700\u8981\u65e0\u635f\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e22\u5305\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u91c7\u7528 DCQCN\uff08\u7531\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e0e Mellanox \u63d0\u51fa\uff09\u6216 HPCC\uff08\u7531\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u63d0\u51fa\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a RoCE \u7f51\u7edc\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u5e95\u5c42\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u672c\u4e66\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6599\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.thebyte.com.cn\/network\/summary.html \u521b\u9020\u64cd\u4f5c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17935"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17935"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17935\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17949,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17935\/revisions\/17949"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17935"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}