{"id":17593,"date":"2025-06-11T08:28:42","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T00:28:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/92it.top\/?p=17593"},"modified":"2025-06-11T08:28:42","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T00:28:42","slug":"%e6%90%9e%e5%ae%9a-nginx-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%ef%bc%81%e5%8f%8d%e5%90%91%e4%bb%a3%e7%90%86%e3%80%81https%e3%80%81%e7%bc%93%e5%ad%98%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96%e4%b8%80%e7%af%87%e5%b0%b1%e5%a4%9f%e4%ba%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/92it.top\/?p=17593","title":{"rendered":"\u641e\u5b9a Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\uff01\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u3001HTTPS\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c31\u591f\u4e86"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Nginx \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684 HTTP \u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e Web \u670d\u52a1\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c API \u7f51\u5173\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd Nginx \u7684\u5e38\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001HTTPS \u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1 Nginx \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00. Nginx \u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Nginx \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8e \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/code> \u6216 \/usr\/local\/nginx\/conf\/nginx.conf<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u5168\u5c40\u5757\uff08main\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f71\u54cd Nginx \u6574\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u5982 worker \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • events \u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5982\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • http \u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5982\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    user nginx;                     # \u8fd0\u884c Nginx \u7684\u7528\u6237\nworker_processes auto;          # \u81ea\u52a8\u5339\u914d CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570\nerror_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log warn;  # \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u8def\u5f84\npid \/var\/run\/nginx.pid;         # \u8fdb\u7a0b PID \u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u7f6e\n\nevents {\n    worker_connections 1024;    # \u6bcf\u4e2a worker \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\n    use epoll;                  # \u4f7f\u7528 epoll \u9ad8\u6548\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b\uff08Linux\uff09\n}\n\n\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e8c. \u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    Nginx \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6258\u7ba1\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\uff08HTML\u3001CSS\u3001JS\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    2.1 \u57fa\u7840\u9759\u6001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    http {\n    server {\n        listen 80;              # \u76d1\u542c 80 \u7aef\u53e3\n        server_name example.com; # \u57df\u540d\u6216 IP\n\n        location \/ {\n            root \/var\/www\/html;  # \u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\n            index index.html;    # \u9ed8\u8ba4\u9996\u9875\n        }\n\n        # \u5355\u72ec\u914d\u7f6e\u56fe\u7247\u7f13\u5b58\n        location ~* \\.(jpg|png|gif)$ {\n            root \/var\/www\/images;\n            expires 30d;         # \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58 30 \u5929\n        }\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • root<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • index<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • expires<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \u4e09. \u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      Nginx \u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u5982 Tomcat\u3001Node.js\u3001Python \u5e94\u7528\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      3. 1 \u57fa\u672c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      server {\n    listen 80;\n    server_name api.example.com;\n\n    location \/ {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080;  # \u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u672c\u673a 8080 \u7aef\u53e3\n        proxy_set_header Host $host;       # \u4f20\u9012\u539f\u59cb Host \u5934\n        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;  # \u4f20\u9012\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef IP\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • proxy_pass<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • proxy_set_header<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u540e\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u771f\u5b9e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        3.2 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        Nginx \u53ef\u5206\u914d\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        http {\n    upstream backend {\n        server 192.168.1.100:8080 weight=3;  # \u6743\u91cd 3\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u8bf7\u6c42\n        server 192.168.1.101:8080;\n        server 192.168.1.102:8080 backup;    # \u5907\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\n    }\n\n    server {\n        listen 80;\n        server_name app.example.com;\n\n        location \/ {\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;  # \u4ee3\u7406\u5230 upstream\n            proxy_next_upstream error timeout http_500;  # \u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u7b56\u7565\n        }\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • upstream<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ec4\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u00a0weight<\/code>\uff08\u6743\u91cd\uff09\u3001backup<\/code>\uff08\u5907\u7528\uff09\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • proxy_next_upstream<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f55\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u5982\u8d85\u65f6\u3001500 \u9519\u8bef\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \u56db. HTTPS \u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          Nginx \u652f\u6301 SSL\/TLS \u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          4.1 \u57fa\u672c HTTPS \u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
          server {\n    listen 443 ssl;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    ssl_certificate \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/fullchain.pem;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/example.com\/privkey.pem;\n\n    # \u4f18\u5316 SSL \u6027\u80fd\n    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;\n    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256;\n    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;\n    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;\n    ssl_session_timeout 10m;\n\n    location \/ {\n        root \/var\/www\/html;\n        index index.html;\n    }\n}\n\n# HTTP \u5f3a\u5236\u8df3\u8f6c HTTPS\nserver {\n    listen 80;\n    server_name example.com;\n    return 301 https:\/\/$host$request_uri;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • ssl_certificate<\/code>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0ssl_certificate_key<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a SSL \u8bc1\u4e66\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • ssl_protocols<\/code>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0ssl_ciphers<\/code>\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u52a0\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • return 301<\/code>\uff1aHTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u81ea\u52a8\u8df3\u8f6c HTTPS\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \u4e94. \u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            Nginx \u53ef\u7f13\u5b58\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u540e\u7aef\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            5.1 \u4ee3\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
            http {\n    proxy_cache_path \/var\/cache\/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m inactive=60m;\n\n    server {\n        listen 80;\n        server_name cache.example.com;\n\n        location \/ {\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n            proxy_cache my_cache;               # \u542f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\n            proxy_cache_valid 200 302 10m;     # \u7f13\u5b58 200\/302 \u54cd\u5e94 10 \u5206\u949f\n            proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;           # \u7f13\u5b58 404 \u54cd\u5e94 1 \u5206\u949f\n            proxy_cache_key \"$scheme$host$request_uri\";  # \u7f13\u5b58\u952e\n        }\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • proxy_cache_path<\/code>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f13\u5b58\u5b58\u50a8\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • proxy_cache_valid<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c HTTP \u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \u516d. \u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              Nginx \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5e76\u9650\u5236\u67d0\u4e9b IP \u6216\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              6.1 \u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              http {\n    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] \"$request\" '\n                    '$status $body_bytes_sent \"$http_referer\" '\n                    '\"$http_user_agent\" \"$http_x_forwarded_for\"';\n\n    access_log \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log main;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              6.2 IP \u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              location \/admin {\n    allow 192.168.1.100;  # \u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a IP\n    deny all;             # \u62d2\u7edd\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709 IP\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              6.3 \u9650\u6d41\uff08Rate Limiting\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              http {\n    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_limit:10m rate=10r\/s;\n\n    server {\n        location \/api {\n            limit_req zone=req_limit burst=20 nodelay;  # \u6bcf\u79d2 10 \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7a81\u53d1 20\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;\n        }\n    }\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              \u4e03. \u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              \u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 Nginx \u7684\u5e38\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u4ee5\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528 Nginx \u642d\u5efa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd Web \u670d\u52a1\u3001API \u7f51\u5173\u6216\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
              Nginx \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684 HTTP \u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e Web \u670d\u52a1\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c API \u7f51\u5173\u7b49\u573a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17593"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17593"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17593\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17596,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17593\/revisions\/17596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17593"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/92it.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}